CBSE Class 10 Maths Syllabus 2026-27

Mathematics Subject Code – 041 & 241 Class – X (2026-27)

The Mathematics curriculum for the Secondary stage has been redesigned in alignment with the National Education Policy 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCF – SE) 2023, prioritizing deep conceptual understanding and logical reasoning. The revised syllabus places strong emphasis on developing core mathematical competencies, including problem-solving,

visualisation, mathematical modelling, mathematical communication, computational thinking, and data analytics. The syllabus integrate Indian Knowledge System with contemporary mathematical knowledge, highlighting the rich contributions of Indian mathematicians to foster a sense of pride and historical context. A deliberate shift from rote learning to competency-based education ensures that students build deep conceptual understanding and logical reasoning rather than mere procedural fluency. Greater emphasis has been laid on the integration of real-life applications and experiential learning, encouraging students to connect mathematical concepts with everyday situations and cross-disciplinary contexts. Greater emphasis has been laid on competency based learning outcomes encouraging students to connect mathematical concepts with everyday situations and inter-disciplinary contexts. Continuous and holistic assessment through projects, activities, and investigations forms an integral part of the learning process, moving beyond summative examinations.

At the secondary stage, the curriculum focuses on developing essential global mathematical competencies, including mathematical representation through quantities and relations, mathematical modelling and algorithm building, and effective mathematical communication. The study of the number system, algebra, geometry, mensuration, statistics and probability is designed to build a strong foundation for higher education while enhancing functional life skills. The curriculum thus aims to build rich mathematical learning frameworks not only for higher academic pursuits but also for the practical demands of life in a rapidly changing, data-driven world.

Objectives The broad objectives of teaching Mathematics at the secondary stage are to help the learners to:

• develop logical thinking, critical reasoning, and a structured approach to problem-solving;
• build the ability to recognise, analyse, and solve diverse problems with confidence and adaptability;
• communicate mathematical ideas effectively using appropriate language, symbols, and representations;
• appreciate the beauty, history, and real-life relevance of Mathematics as a discipline;

• connect mathematical concepts to fields such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Economics;
• engage in both collaborative and independent mathematical exploration and learning;
• develop habits of precision, accuracy, and logical consistency in mathematical work;
• build confidence to explore, experiment, and grow in mathematical understanding without fear of failure.

COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS –X

Units Unit Name Marks

NUMBER SYSTEMS 06

Ш ALGEBRA 20

Ш COORDINATE GEOMETRY 06

IV GEOMETRY 15

V TRIGONOMETRY 12

VΙ MENSURATION 10

VII STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY 11

TOTAL 80

1. No. Content Competencies Explanation UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS
2. REAL NUMBERS lacktrian Develops understanding <math>\bullet</math> Describes of numbers, including Fundamental
3. Fundamental Theorem of the set of real numbers Theorem of Arithmetic

Arithmetic - statements and its properties. with examples

after reviewing work done • Extends the • Prove algebraically

earlier and after illustrating understanding of the Irrationality of

and motivating through powers (radical powers) numbers like

examples and exponents. <math>\sqrt{2}</math>, <math>\sqrt{3}</math>, <math>\sqrt{5}</math>, <math>3 + 2\sqrt{5}</math>

1. Proofs of irrationality of | Applies Fundamental etc.

<math>\sqrt{2}</math>, <math>\sqrt{3}</math>, <math>\sqrt{5}</math> Theorem of Arithmetic to

solve problems related

to real life contexts.

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS <math>\blacktriangle</math> develops a relationship <math>\bullet</math> Find the zeros of between algebraic and polynomial graphically
2. Zeros of a polynomial graphical methods of and algebraically and
3. Relationship between finding the zeroes of a verifying the relation

zeros and coefficients of polynomial. between zeros and

quadratic polynomials. coefficients of

quadratic polynomials.

1. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS Describes plotting a • Find the solution of pair

IN TWO VARIABLES pair of linear equations of linear equations in

and graphically finding two variables

1. Pair of linear equations in graphically and

two variables and graphical • and Models solves algebraically

method of their solution, contextualised (substitution and

consistency/inconsistency. problems using elimination method)

(e.g.,

1. Algebraic conditions for linear number of solutions.

in equations two

1. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.
2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS <math>\blacktriangle</math> demonstrates strategies <math>\blacktriangle</math> Solves quadratic

roots and of finding equations using

1. Standard form of a quadratic determining the nature factorization and

equation <math>ax^2 + bx + c =</math> of roots of a quadratic quadratic formula

<math>0, (a \neq 0).</math> equation. Determines the nature

1. Solutions of quadratic of roots using

equations (only real roots) discriminant

by factorization, and by Formulates and solves

using quadratic formula. problems based on

Relationship between real life context

discriminant and nature of roots.

1. Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day-to-day activities to be incorporated
2. ARITHMETIC lacktrian Develops strategies to • Applies concepts of

PROGRESSIONS apply the concept of A.P. AP to find the nth

to daily life situations. term and sum of n

1. Motivation for studying terms.

Arithmetic Progression Application of AP in

real life problems

1. Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of AP and their application in solving daily life problems.